Python Modules

The getopt module in Python provides a way to parse command-line options and arguments. It is a simpler alternative to the more powerful argparse module, and it is similar in functionality to the C library’s getopt() function.

The argparse module in Python provides a way to handle command-line arguments passed to a script. It allows you to define the arguments your program requires, handle default values, and generate help messages for users.

The time module in Python provides various time-related functions. It allows you to work with time-related tasks like getting the current time, measuring the execution time of a code block, and suspending the execution of a program.

The io module in Python provides the main facilities for dealing with various types of I/O (input/output). This module provides Python’s main facilities for dealing with binary and text I/O, including file I/O.

The os module in Python provides a way of using operating system-dependent functionality, such as reading or writing to the file system, handling environment variables, and interacting with the operating system.

The secrets module in Python is designed for generating cryptographically strong random numbers suitable for managing data such as passwords, account authentication, security tokens, and related secrets. This module provides a better security guarantee than the default pseudo-random number generator used by Python’s random module.

The hashlib module in Python provides a common interface to many secure hash and message digest algorithms, such as SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, and MD5. These algorithms are used to create cryptographic hashes, which are fixed-size strings or numbers that uniquely represent data.

The configparser module in Python provides functionalities to read, write, and manage configuration files. These configuration files are similar to Windows INI files, and they allow you to store data in a structured format, which is easy to read and modify.

The csv module in Python provides functionality to read from and write to CSV (Comma-Separated Values) files. CSV files are commonly used for exchanging data between different applications. This module is part of the standard library, so no installation is required.

The zipfile module in Python provides tools for creating, reading, writing, and extracting ZIP files. It allows for easy manipulation of ZIP archives, making it a useful utility for handling compressed files.

The gzip module in Python provides a simple interface for compressing and decompressing files using the GZIP format. This module is useful for working with large files that need to be compressed to save storage space or to be transferred over a network.

The zlib module in Python provides functions for compression and decompression using the zlib library. It supports various compression levels and is useful for efficiently compressing and decompressing data.

The shutil module in Python provides a collection of high-level operations for file and directory management. It includes functions to copy, move, and delete files and directories, as well as functions to create and extract archives.

The fnmatch module in Python provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards to match filenames. It offers simple functions to compare filenames against a pattern, making it useful for filtering file names based on patterns.

The glob module in Python provides a convenient way to search for files matching a specified pattern. It uses Unix shell-style wildcards for pattern matching, making it easy to locate files and directories.

The tempfile module in Python provides a way to create temporary files and directories. These files and directories are created in a secure manner and are automatically deleted when no longer needed.

The filecmp module in Python provides functions to compare files and directories. It can be used to check if files or directories are identical, and it also supports recursive comparison of directories.

The stat module in Python provides constants and functions for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.fstat(), and os.lstat() system calls. These calls return file attributes, which the stat module helps to decode.

The fileinput module in Python provides a simple way to iterate over lines from multiple input streams, including standard input, and optionally make in-place modifications to files. It is particularly useful for writing scripts that process files line-by-line.

The os.path module in Python provides functions for interacting with the file system. It is a submodule of the os module and contains functions to manipulate file paths and directories.

The pathlib module in Python provides classes to handle filesystem paths in an object-oriented manner. It offers a simple way to work with paths and directories, making path manipulations more intuitive and concise compared to using the traditional os and os.path modules.

The operator module in Python provides a set of efficient functions corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. These functions allow you to perform operations using functional programming style, making your code cleaner and more readable.

The functools module in Python provides higher-order functions that operate on or return other functions. These utilities include tools for creating, using, and modifying functions and callable objects.

The itertools module in Python provides a collection of fast, memory-efficient tools for performing iterators. These functions work on iterables and produce iterators as output. The module is a standard library, so no installation is required.

The statistics module in Python provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of numeric data. These functions are useful for performing statistical calculations, including mean, median, mode, variance, and more.