The http module in Python provides classes and functions for implementing web servers and clients. It includes low-level HTTP protocol handling, higher-level HTTP server and client functionalities, and various utilities for working with HTTP headers and status codes.

The html module in Python provides tools for handling HTML data, including escaping and unescaping HTML characters and parsing HTML documents. It is useful for web scraping, web development, and any application that needs to process HTML content.

The binascii module in Python provides functions for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. It is useful for encoding binary data into printable ASCII characters and decoding such encodings back into binary data.

The base64 module in Python provides functions for encoding binary data to a base64-encoded string and decoding a base64-encoded string back to binary data. Base64 is commonly used for encoding binary data to store and transfer over media that are designed to deal with text.

The json module in Python provides functions for serializing and deserializing JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. Table of Contents Introduction Key Functions json.dump json.dumps json.load json.loads Customization and Extending JSON Custom Serialization Custom …

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The email module in Python provides a comprehensive framework for managing email messages, including parsing, creating, and sending emails. It supports both simple text and more complex MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) messages, making it used for email handling.

The mmap module in Python provides memory-mapped file support, allowing a file’s contents to be mapped directly into memory. This can lead to efficient file I/O operations and is particularly useful for accessing parts of a file without reading the entire file into memory.

The signal module in Python provides mechanisms to use and handle signals. Signals are software interrupts delivered to a process, typically to notify it of events like a user pressing Ctrl+C (which sends the SIGINT signal), or a timer expiration (which sends the SIGALRM signal).

The selectors module in Python provides a high-level I/O multiplexing interface built on top of the lower-level select module primitives (select, poll, epoll, and kqueue). This module allows you to manage multiple I/O events in a more efficient and portable way.

The select module in Python provides tools to efficiently manage multiple I/O operations. It allows you to monitor multiple file descriptors to see if they have any I/O events (like readability or writability) ready. This is particularly useful in network programming where you need to handle multiple connections simultaneously.

The ssl module in Python provides a way to create secure network connections using the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols. It allows you to wrap existing socket objects and provides both client and server-side SSL functionality.

The socket module in Python provides access to the BSD socket interface. It allows you to create networking applications, handle connections, send and receive data over the network, and more.

The asyncio module in Python provides a framework for writing single-threaded concurrent code using coroutines, enabling asynchronous programming. It is particularly useful for I/O-bound and high-level structured network code.

The contextvars module in Python provides support for context variables, which allow you to manage context-specific state. This is particularly useful in concurrent programming, where maintaining consistent state across different contexts (such as tasks, threads, or asynchronous coroutines) can be challenging.

The queue module in Python provides a way to create and manage different types of queue data structures. It includes implementations for FIFO (First-In-First-Out) queues, LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) queues, and priority queues. These data structures are particularly useful for thread-safe task management.

The sched module in Python provides a way to schedule events for future execution. It is useful for creating simple task schedulers and is similar in functionality to the time module but allows for more precise control over the timing of events.

The subprocess module in Python allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes. It is used for executing system commands and handling their output and errors.

The multiprocessing module in Python allows you to create processes, which are independent units of execution that can run in parallel on multiple cores. This module is particularly useful for CPU-bound tasks, as it can bypass the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) that limits multi-threading performance in Python.

The threading module in Python provides a way to create and manage multiple threads, enabling parallel execution of code. This is particularly useful for I/O-bound and high-level structured network code.

The errno module in Python provides standard error codes that are commonly used in operating systems. These error codes are used to indicate different error conditions, making it easier to handle errors in a consistent manner.

The platform module in Python provides a way to access underlying platform data, such as the operating system, hardware, and interpreter version. It is useful for writing code that is portable across different platforms and for gathering system information.

The curses module in Python provides an interface to create text-based user interfaces. It allows you to manipulate the terminal screen, handle keyboard input, and manage windows and text attributes, making it ideal for building terminal applications.

The getpass module in Python provides a way to securely handle password prompts in a command-line interface. It avoids showing the input on the screen, making it ideal for entering passwords or other sensitive information.

The logging module in Python provides a flexible framework for emitting log messages from Python programs. It is used for tracking events that happen when some software runs. It can be used to understand the flow of a program and to diagnose issues.

The getopt module in Python provides a way to parse command-line options and arguments. It is a simpler alternative to the more powerful argparse module, and it is similar in functionality to the C library’s getopt() function.