Introduction In the previous chapter, we learned about C data types. In this chapter, we will learn about constants and literals in C programming. Constants are fixed values that cannot be changed during the execution of a program. Literals are the actual values assigned to variables or constants. What are Constants? Constants are variables whose …
Introduction In the previous chapter, we learned about C variables. In this chapter, we will learn about data types in C programming. Data types define the type of data that a variable can hold. Understanding data types is essential for writing effective and error-free code. What are Data Types? Data types are declarations for variables. …
Introduction In the previous chapter, we learned about C comments. In this chapter, we will learn about variables in C programming. Variables are fundamental components in any programming language. They are used to store data that can be manipulated and retrieved during the execution of a program. What is a Variable? Variables are containers for …
Introduction In the previous chapter, we learned about the structure of a C program. In this chapter, we will learn about comments in C programming. Comments are an essential part of writing readable and maintainable code. They are used to explain the purpose and logic of the code, making it easier for others (and yourself) …
Introduction In the previous chapter, we learned how to write and run your first C program. In this chapter, we will delve into the structure of a C program, understanding the various components that make up a typical C program. This will help you write well-organized and efficient code. Basic Structure of a C Program …
Introduction Now that you have set up your development environment, it’s time to write and run your first C program. In this chapter, we will take a look into the steps to create a simple “Hello, World!” program, compile it, and run it. Steps to Write and Run Your First C Program 1. Create a …
Introduction Before you can start writing and running C programs, you need to set up your development environment. This involves installing the necessary tools and software on your computer. Here are the steps to set up a C programming environment. Steps to Set Up the Development Environment 1. Install a C Compiler What is a …
Setting Up the Development Environment for C Programming Read More »
Introduction C programming is a powerful general-purpose programming language that was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972. It is widely used for system programming, developing operating systems, and embedded systems applications due to its flexibility, efficiency, and close-to-hardware operations. C programming is a foundational language in computer science and software development. What is C …
Introduction The Java String Constant Pool, also known as the String Pool, is a special memory area in the Java heap where Java stores string literals. This mechanism helps to save memory and improve performance by reusing immutable string instances. Understanding the String Pool and its behavior is crucial for efficient memory management and performance …
Introduction The Map.ofEntries method, introduced in Java 9, provides a convenient way to create immutable maps. This method belongs to the java.util.Map interface and allows you to create a map with a fixed set of key-value pairs. The maps created using Map.ofEntries are immutable, meaning that their entries cannot be changed, added, or removed once …
Introduction The Set.of method, introduced in Java 9, provides a convenient way to create immutable sets. This method belongs to the java.util.Set interface and allows you to create a set with a fixed set of elements. The sets created using Set.of are immutable, meaning that their elements cannot be changed, added, or removed once the …
Introduction The List.of method, introduced in Java 9, provides a convenient way to create immutable lists. This method belongs to the java.util.List interface and allows you to create a list with a fixed set of elements. The lists created using List.of are immutable, meaning that their elements cannot be changed, added, or removed once the …
Introduction Private methods in interfaces were introduced in Java 9. These methods allow you to define helper methods within an interface that can be used by other default and static methods within the same interface. Private methods help to avoid code duplication and improve code maintainability by enabling the reuse of common logic across multiple …
Introduction JShell, introduced in Java 9, is a Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) tool that allows developers to interactively evaluate Java code snippets. JShell provides a quick and easy way to test and explore Java code without the need for a full development environment. It is particularly useful for prototyping, learning, and testing small pieces of code. …
Introduction Java modules were introduced in Java 9 as part of the Project Jigsaw. The module system, also known as the Java Platform Module System (JPMS), aims to provide a more scalable and flexible way to handle large applications and libraries. Modules help improve the structure, security, and maintainability of Java applications by enabling strong …
Introduction The Java Date and Time API, introduced in Java 8, provides a comprehensive model for date and time handling. The new API is based on the ISO-8601 calendar system and is intended to replace the old java.util.Date and java.util.Calendar classes. The API is designed to be easy to use and understand, providing a more …
Introduction The Optional class in Java is a container object used to represent the presence or absence of a value. It was introduced in Java 8 to reduce the number of null pointer exceptions and to provide a more expressive way of handling optional values. Key Points: Null Safety: Reduces the risk of null pointer …
Introduction Java 8 introduced significant enhancements to the language, one of which is the ability to define default and static methods in interfaces. These methods allow interfaces to provide concrete implementations, enabling new functionalities without breaking existing code that implements the interface. Key Points: Default Methods: Allow interfaces to have methods with default implementations. Static …
Introduction The Java Stream API, introduced in Java 8, provides a powerful way to process sequences of elements in a functional style. Streams allow you to perform operations such as filtering, mapping, and reducing on collections in a declarative manner. The Stream API is part of the java.util.stream package and is designed to work seamlessly …
Introduction Functional interfaces in Java are interfaces that have exactly one abstract method. They can have multiple default or static methods but only one abstract method. These interfaces are the foundation of lambda expressions and method references in Java. The concept of functional interfaces is central to Java’s implementation of functional programming principles. Key Points: …
Introduction In this tutorial, we’ll learn one of the most exciting features introduced in Java 8 — lambda expressions. Lambda expressions provide a clear and concise way to represent anonymous functions. They allow us to write less code while making our code easier to understand, especially when dealing with functional interfaces and collections. Let’s dive in and …
Introduction In Java, concurrency utilities are provided to handle synchronization and ensure thread safety. Locks and atomic variables are two key components of the java.util.concurrent package. Locks offer more extensive locking operations than synchronized methods and statements, while atomic variables provide a way to perform atomic operations on single variables without using synchronization. Key Points: …
Introduction Callable and Future are part of the java.util.concurrent package and are used for concurrent programming. Callable is similar to Runnable, but it can return a result and throw a checked exception. Future represents the result of an asynchronous computation and provides methods to check if the computation is complete, to wait for its completion, …
Introduction ExecutorService in Java is a part of the java.util.concurrent package and provides a higher-level replacement for working with threads directly. It simplifies the process of managing a pool of threads and executing tasks asynchronously. ExecutorService offers various methods for submitting tasks, shutting down the executor, and managing the lifecycle of threads. Key Points: Thread …
Introduction Inter-thread communication in Java is a mechanism that allows synchronized threads to communicate with each other. This is achieved using methods like wait(), notify(), and notifyAll(), which are part of the Object class. These methods help manage the coordination between threads, allowing one thread to notify others that a particular condition has been met. …