Introduction In Python, data types are used to classify various types of data. Each variable in Python has a data type, which defines what operations can be performed on that variable. Understanding data types is crucial for effective programming in Python. Python has several built-in data types categorized as follows: Data Type Categories Text Type …
Introduction Variables are used to store data that can be used and manipulated throughout a program. In Python, variables do not require explicit declaration to reserve memory space. The declaration happens automatically when a value is assigned to a variable. Variable Naming Rules Must start with a letter or an underscore (_): The first character …
Introduction Comments are lines in your code that are not executed by Python. They are used to explain and clarify the code, making it easier for others (and yourself) to understand what the code does. Comments are especially useful in large programs or when you need to revisit code after some time. Types of Comments …
Introduction In this chapter, we will learn about Python syntax and why indentation is important. Syntax refers to the rules for writing Python programs. Indentation means the spaces at the beginning of a line of code. In Python, indentation is not just for making code look nice; it is used to show blocks of code. …
Introduction Now that you have set up your Python development environment, it’s time to write and run your first Python program. In this chapter, we will guide you through creating a simple Python script and executing it using PyCharm and Visual Studio Code (VS Code). Writing and Running Your First Python Program Using PyCharm Step …
Introduction To start developing Python programs, you’ll need to set up a proper development environment. This guide will walk you through downloading and installing Python, verifying the installation, and setting up an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for writing and running your Python code. 1. Download and Install Python Step 1: Download Python Visit the official …
What is Python? Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language known for its readability and simplicity. It allows you to write code quickly and efficiently, making it ideal for beginners and experienced programmers. Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python was created by Guido van Rossum and first released …
Introduction HTML tags are the building blocks of HTML documents. They define the structure and content of web pages. Below is a comprehensive list of HTML tags ordered by their usage and popularity. Basic Structure and Metadata <!DOCTYPE>: Defines the document type and HTML version. <html>: The root element of an HTML document. <head>: Contains …
Introduction The HTML <audio> element is used to embed sound content in web pages. It provides a way to include audio players with support for various formats and controls. The <audio> element allows for easy integration of audio playback in HTML documents. Basic Audio Element Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Basic Audio …
Introduction The HTML <video> element is used to embed video content in web pages. It provides a way to include video players with support for various formats and controls. The <video> element allows for easy integration of video playback in HTML documents. Basic Video Element Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Basic Video …
Introduction SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is an XML-based format for creating vector graphics. Unlike raster images (like JPEG or PNG), SVG images are scalable and do not lose quality when resized. SVG is widely used for creating icons, logos, charts, and other graphics that need to scale well across different screen sizes and resolutions. Basic …
Introduction The HTML <canvas> element is used to draw graphics on a web page using JavaScript. It provides a drawable region in HTML, defined with the <canvas> tag, which can be manipulated through a scripting language like JavaScript to create various types of graphics, including shapes, text, images, and animations. Creating a Canvas Basic Canvas …
Introduction HTML encoding is essential for ensuring that the text on a web page is correctly displayed regardless of the characters it contains. Character encoding determines how bytes are translated into characters. UTF-8 is the most widely used character encoding on the web, as it supports a vast range of characters from different languages. Common …
Introduction Emojis are visual representations of emotions, objects, symbols, and more, commonly used in digital communication. HTML allows the inclusion of emojis in web pages to make content more engaging and expressive. Emojis can be added using Unicode characters or HTML entities. How to Use Emojis in HTML Using Unicode You can include emojis directly …
Introduction HTML symbols allow you to display a variety of characters that are not easily accessible on a standard keyboard. These symbols include mathematical symbols, currency signs, arrows, and many other special characters. Using HTML entities, you can ensure these symbols are rendered correctly by the browser. Common HTML Symbols Mathematical Symbols HTML provides entities …
Introduction HTML entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML, ensuring they are rendered correctly by the browser. These entities are also used to display characters that do not appear on the keyboard. HTML entities start with an ampersand (&) and end with a semicolon (;). Common HTML Entities Reserved Characters Reserved characters in …
Introduction HTML semantic elements provide meaning to web content, enhancing the structure and accessibility of a web page. These elements describe the role of the content they contain, making it easier for browsers, search engines, and developers to understand the page structure and content. List of HTML Semantic Elements <article> Defines independent, self-contained content that …
Introduction HTML provides several elements for displaying computer code on web pages. These elements help present code snippets, commands, or program outputs in a readable and semantically correct manner. Understanding these elements is essential for creating technical documentation, tutorials, and any web content that includes code examples. Common HTML Computer Code Elements <code> The <code> …
Introduction HTML form validation ensures that the user provides the necessary and correctly formatted input before submitting the form. Using HTML5, you can perform client-side validation with minimal effort, enhancing the user experience and reducing server-side validation errors. Built-In HTML Validation Attributes required The required attribute specifies that an input field must be filled out …
Introduction HTML provides various input types for creating interactive and user-friendly forms. Each input type is designed to collect specific types of data from the user, enhancing the form’s functionality and user experience. Understanding these input types and their attributes is essential for building effective web forms. Common HTML Input Types type="text" Creates a single-line …
Introduction HTML form elements are used to create interactive controls for web-based forms that allow users to enter and submit data. Understanding the different types of form elements and their attributes is essential for building effective and user-friendly forms. Common Form Elements Text Input The <input> element with type="text" creates a single-line text input field. …
Introduction HTML form attributes are used to define the behavior and functionality of a form and its elements. These attributes help control how the data is submitted, processed, and displayed. Understanding these attributes is essential for creating effective and user-friendly forms. Common Form Attributes action The action attribute specifies the URL where the form data …
Introduction HTML forms are essential components of web pages that allow users to submit data to a server. Forms are used for various purposes, such as logging in, registering, searching, and collecting user feedback. In this chapter, you will learn about creating and managing HTML forms, including different form elements, attributes, and form submission methods. …
Introduction HTML has several semantic elements that define different parts of a web page. These elements help to organize the content and make the structure of the web page clear both to developers and to browsers. They improve the readability and accessibility of the web page. HTML5 Semantic Elements <header> The <header> element defines a …
Introduction In this chapter, you will learn about the HTML <head> element, which is a container for metadata and links to external resources. The <head> element is crucial for defining the document’s title, character set, linked stylesheets, scripts, and other meta-information that is essential for the proper functioning and display of your web pages. What …